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Josephus P. Martin, born Jan. 4, 1825 in Harrison County, Kentucky, crossed the Plains to California in 1849, initially settling in Placerville (i.e. Hangtown). He then moved to San Jose, and worked as a pharmicist for some thirty years in California. During his time in Hangtown he also served as a Justice of the Peace in that Gold Rush town made famous for its extra-legal criminal proceedings.

In later years Martin served as a respected and much honored judge in Bozeman, Montana.