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Apollonius of Tyana (circa 15 – circa 100 AD) was a first-century Greek philosopher and religious leader from the town of Tyana in Cappadocia, Roman Anatolia.

Known for his extensive travels and teachings throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and allegedly India, Apollonius is a central figure in Neopythagoreanism and was renowned as a miracle worker of his time. His life and works left a lasting cultural impact, with his personality and mystical way of life captivating his contemporaries.

Apollonius's life is extensively documented in The Life of Apollonius, a novelistic biography by the sophist Philostratus, commissioned by Empress Julia Domna. This work includes numerous legends and accounts of the miracles Apollonius reportedly performed as a wandering sage, often accompanied by his lifelong companion, Damis. These stories illustrate Apollonius's opposition to animal sacrifice, adherence to a vegetarian diet, and belief in reaching God through intellect (nous), aligning with Pythagorean traditions. Despite being accused of using magic to conspire against the Roman emperor and facing a death penalty, his followers believed he underwent a heavenly ascension.

Historically, Apollonius was born into a wealthy and respected Greek aristocratic family. His birth and life dates are somewhat disputed, with his primary biographer, Philostratus, placing him between circa 3 BC and circa 97 AD, while the Roman historian Cassius Dio suggests he was in his 40s or 50s in the 90s AD, leading scholar Maria Dzielska to estimate his birth around 40 AD. Apollonius's teachings and his purported travels, particularly his journey to India, have been subjects of fascination and skepticism among modern scholars. His influence extended beyond his lifetime, contributing to various traditions and legends in both Western and Islamic cultures.