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This Ethnographic Map of Europe according to Dr. Gustaf Kombst, engraved by W. & A.K. Johnston and published by William Blackwood & Sons in Edinburgh and London in 1857, provides a detailed categorization of Europe's ethnic and cultural groups during the mid-19th century. Through a distinct color scheme, the map delineates numerous ethnographic classifications, ranging from "Scandinavian" to more composite categories like "Celtic-Pelasgo-Teutonic-Slav."
In the 19th century, Europe witnessed shifts in national identities and a rising interest in ethnic categorizations. This map emerged during an era that experienced the revolutions of 1848 and the unification events in Germany and Italy. This interest in ethnography was part of a broader attempt to understand the diversity and historical roots of European populations.
Dr. Gustaf Kombst's classifications on this map display Europe's multifaceted ethnic and cultural landscape. While some categories are broad, such as "German," others like "Gaelic-Welsh-Cornish-Erse-Breton" indicate amalgamations of multiple groups. The map's design suggests that Europe, even by mid-19th century standards, was seen as a space of varied populations with intersecting histories.
When interpreting this map, it is important to note its historical context. The categorizations reflect 19th-century perceptions of ethnicity, which may differ from contemporary views. As a historical artifact, the map serves as a window into past understandings of European ethnic and cultural divisions.
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