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Nicolas-Auguste Pomel studied at the Lycée de Clermont and earned his Licence ès sciences.

Pomel was conscripted into the army when he was prepared to enter the École des mines. He became a civil engineer after his discharge from the Army.

After the coup d'état of December 2, 1851 his Republican beliefs resulted in his deportation. He became a Garde des mines in Oran in 1866, and was promoted to the 1st class in 1872.  From 1876 to 1882 he was member of the Senate (Oran division).  In 1882 he was tasked with geological mapping of Algeria. 

Pomel was also a prolific botanist, naming and describing many plant species and some genera as well. The genus Pomelia (Durando ex Pomel) from the family Apiaceae is named in his honor.