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Tis map, titled Buckingamiae Comitatus cum Bedfordiensei, illustrates the counties of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire in England, created in a decorative style typical of the late 17th century.
The map is adorned with heraldic shields representing prominent noble families associated with the region, including coats of arms for various Earls and Dukes of Bedford and Buckingham. Cherubs hold up the heraldry, adding an artistic flair characteristic of the period’s cartography. The detailed cartouche at the bottom of the map features allegorical figures, including depictions of agriculture and prosperity, symbolizing the economic significance of the counties.
The history of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire dates back to ancient times, with evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon settlements throughout the region. Buckinghamshire, named after the Anglo-Saxon leader Bucca, was part of the Kingdom of Mercia and later integrated into the unified English kingdom. It was noted in the Domesday Book of 1086, where the region's development under Norman rule is well documented.
Bedfordshire, similarly, has roots in the Anglo-Saxon period, with its name derived from Beda’s Ford. During the early medieval period, the counties were significant for their agricultural productivity and were the sites of numerous monastic establishments that played vital roles in the religious and cultural life of medieval England. Major towns like Aylesbury, Buckingham, and Bedford emerged as centers of trade and governance.
Throughout the Tudor and Stuart periods, both counties saw substantial socio-economic changes. Buckinghamshire was home to several significant country estates, including those belonging to influential families such as the Hampdens and the Russells. The agricultural base of the region was complemented by growing industries such as lace-making in Buckinghamshire, which became renowned for this intricate craft by the 16th century.
In the 17th century, Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire were caught up in the political turmoil of the English Civil War. The counties had mixed allegiances; Buckinghamshire was notably associated with the Parliamentarian leader John Hampden, who opposed King Charles I’s policies, leading to his role in the early battles of the Civil War.
By the end of the 17th century, both counties had evolved considerably, with agricultural improvements and the beginnings of industrial developments. Bedfordshire's fertile land supported extensive grain farming, and the region became known for its wool production. Meanwhile, Buckinghamshire maintained its reputation for high-quality lace and continued to benefit from its proximity to London, facilitating trade and economic growth.
The map reflects this period of transition, showing a landscape that was increasingly structured and defined by estates, farmlands, and emerging towns. The intricate detail of towns, villages, and manorial lands on the map highlights the counties' roles as both rural heartlands and regions of noble influence, as depicted by the heraldic shields of the aristocratic families.
Overall, this map captures Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire at a time of significant historical change, offering a window into the political, economic, and social landscape of the late 17th century. It serves as both a practical guide and a decorative artifact, embodying the artistry and cartographic knowledge of the period.
