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Rare Map of Central South America

Scarcely-seen map of the central part of South America, showing the region from Quito and Cap. D.S. Augustyn in the north to Porto Guasco, Isle S. Sebastian and Rio De Janeiro in the south.

The map shows the 1598-1601 voyage of Olivier van Noort, the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the earth, and the ninth navigator to do so overall.

This map appeared in the Van Geelkercken edition of Olivier Van Noort's Description Du Penible Voyage Ge Fait Entour De L'Univers ou Globe Terrestre . . . , which was first published by Cornelis Claesz in Amsterdam in 1602. The map can be distinguished from earlier editions of the work by a lack of a left border, suggesting that the map was printed from what was originally part of a larger copperplate. It can also be differentiated by the inclusion of the “12” in the lower right corner.

Van Noort's map, engraved by Dutch master engraver Baptista Van Deotecum, is one of the earliest and most detailed regional maps to show the eastern and western coastlines of the central part of South America, based upon first hand observations. 

The map tracks Van Noort's arrival from the east, his first land fall near Rio De Janeiro and his course southward toward Patagonia. It then picks up in the west near "Porto Guasco” and tracks his journey northward to the area near Quito. The arrival of four ships on the east side of the map and then the depiction of only two ships on the west coast reflects the difficult journey Van Noort had in passing through the Straits of Magellan.

The first Dutch circumnavigation

Olivier van Noort was born in 1558 in Utrecht. He proved to be a successful merchant captain, sailing to distant locales for trade goods.

On July 2, 1598, he set off for a new destination: the eastern Pacific. Van Noort was leading a piratical expedition to raid ports in western South America and the Philippines, where the Spanish were vulnerable. He led a squadron of four ships. They were to harass Spanish trade and then cross the world’s largest ocean to trade in China.

Van Noort sailed south to Africa and then across the Atlantic to Portuguese Brazil. There, he had trouble finding a safe port for his crew, several of whom had fallen ill, until he found the island of Santa Clara (included on this map as I. de S. Clara).

As with Drake before him, van Noort found the navigation of the Straits of Magellan treacherous, losing two of his ships to stormy conditions. After trying to raid Spanish ports, he found that his arrival had been anticipated. Instead, he fled across the Pacific. There, he lost a third ship. Only one of his ships, the Mauritius, made it back to Rotterdam.

Nevertheless, van Noort was celebrated as a Dutch hero. The United Dutch East India Company (VOC) was formed a few months later. Van Noort's Description du Penible Voyage Faict entour de l'Univers ou Globe Terrestre provides his account of the voyage, including a detailed account of the coasts of Brazil, Argentina, the Straits of Magellan, Chile, Peru, and the subsequent trans-Pacific crossing. The maps and views, engraved by Baptista Van Deutecum and Benjamin Wright, are among the earliest printed regional images of the areas shown. The last complete example of the book to be sold at auction was sold at the Frank Streeter Sale (April 16, 2007), where it was sold for $45,600, including premium.

Rarity

The map is quite rare on the market, with only one prior example being offered at auction or in a dealer catalogue in the past thirty years (Potter 2004).

This is only the second example of the map we have had in the past twenty years.