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Description

This finely engraved map of Bermuda was produced by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin for the first volume of his Petit Atlas Maritime (Paris, 1764). Drawing upon the most reliable English surveys of the period, Bellin renders the archipelago with a high degree of precision, placing it within a radiating network of rhumb lines and surrounding it with detailed shoal spot-markers and navigational hazards. A scale of two French marine leagues appears at the bottom center.

Though labeled with the older name “Isles de Sommer,” a reference to Sir George Somers and the 1609 Sea Venture wreck that led to English settlement, the internal divisions and placenames reflect contemporary eighteenth-century British administration. Each of the nine parishes is labeled as a “Canton,” with ports, bays, forts, and anchorages carefully identified. Hamilton, not yet the capital, appears as a gridded plan labeled below “Baye de Harrington.” The map’s eastern portion includes the fortified harbor of St. George’s and Castle Harbour, while the treacherous reef system encircling the islands is depicted through a dense constellation of small crosses, typical of French hydrographic charting.

Bellin engraved this chart as part of his broader mission at the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine, where he served as chief hydrographer. His Petit Atlas Maritime was intended to provide the French Navy and merchant fleet with dependable charts of key ports and waypoints throughout the world. Although modest in scale, this map of Bermuda played a role in disseminating strategic geographic intelligence at a time when French and British imperial interests were increasingly at odds across the Caribbean and North America. Reissued in later editions of Bellin’s works, the chart remained the standard French depiction of Bermuda for decades.

Condition Description
Original hand-color. Engraving on 18th-century paper.
Reference
MCC 19, no.38, pl.19.
Jacques Nicolas Bellin Biography

Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-1772) was among the most important mapmakers of the eighteenth century. In 1721, at only the age of 18, he was appointed Hydrographer to the French Navy. In August 1741, he became the first Ingénieur de la Marine of the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine (the French Hydrographic Office) and was named Official Hydrographer of the French King.

During his term as Official Hydrographer, the Dépôt was the one of the most active centers for the production of sea charts and maps in Europe. Their output included a folio-format sea atlas of France, the Neptune Francois. He also produced a number of sea atlases of the world, including the Atlas Maritime and the Hydrographie Francaise. These gained fame and distinction all over Europe and were republished throughout the eighteenth and even in the nineteenth century.

Bellin also produced smaller format maps such as the 1764 Petit Atlas Maritime, containing 580 finely-detailed charts. He also contributed a number of maps for the 15-volume Histoire Generale des Voyages of Antoine François Prévost.

Bellin set a very high standard of workmanship and accuracy, cementing France's leading role in European cartography and geography during this period. Many of his maps were copied by other mapmakers across the continent.