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This 1845 map titled "Persia and Cabool" offers a detailed depiction of the regions corresponding to modern-day Iran, Afghanistan, and surrounding territories. Published during the height of European colonial and geopolitical interest in Central and South Asia, the map reflects the imperial concerns ofthe time, particularly the rivalry between Britain and Russia known as the "Great Game."
Prominent cities such as Tehran, Isfahan, Kabul, and Herat are clearly marked, alongside smaller settlements, rivers, and mountain ranges. Major geographic features include the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, and the extensive mountain ranges that characterize the region, such as the Elburz Mountains in Persia and the Hindu Kush near Cabool. Trade routes and significant historical areas are also depicted, providing insight into the economic and strategic importance of these territories during the mid-19th century.
In addition to its geographical details, the map includes a unique section labeled "Descriptive Words of Frequent Occurrence," which provides translations and meanings of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish terms commonly used on the map. For instance, Jebel is defined as "hill or mountain," Nahr as "river," and Stan as "country" (as in Afghanistan, meaning "land of the Afghans"). Other terms like Shah (king), Koh (mountain), and Kasr (castle) offer insights into the linguistic and cultural influences in the region.
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