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Mexican War -- Battle of Buena Vista
The map illustrates the positions of American and Mexican troops during the pivotal battle on February 22 and 23, 1847, in the Mexican-American War. Surveyed by Captain Linnard and Lieutenants Pope and Franklin of the Corps of Engineers.
The map shows the region south of Saltillo and north of Agua Nueva in northern Mexico. Buena Vista, located approximately five miles south of Saltillo and twelve miles north of Agua Nueva, was the site of a significant conflict between American forces under General Zachary Taylor and Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
The map identifies various American units, such as the 1st Illinois Volunteers, 2nd Kentucky Regiment, and 3rd Indiana Regiment. Washington's battery, Sherman's battery, and Bragg's artillery also feature prominently, marking key positions on the battlefield. For example, the defile held by Washington's battery and two companies of the 1st Illinois Volunteers is highlighted. Mexican forces are noted as turning the American left, with specific Mexican columns and batteries positioned to gain advantage.
The accompanying notes explain that the American troop movements are represented in their order of battle as of the morning of February 23rd. The mapmaker chose to omit the numerous changes of position for clarity, and detailed descriptions of these movements can be found in the official battle reports. The legend breaks down the placement of American and Mexican units, identifying regiments from Kentucky, Illinois, Arkansas, and Mississippi, alongside various artillery units. The map offers a strategic view of the mountainous terrain and significant battle positions, contributing to the historical understanding of the engagement at Buena Vista.
