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This late 18th-century map of France presents a detailed comparison of France's territorial organization between ancient Roman times and the 1790s. The map outlines both the 16 Roman provinces that once governed Gaul and the 32 modern gouvernements (administrative regions) that existed under the Ancien Régime, just before the French Revolution.
The Roman provinces, delineated on this map, represent the ancient territorial divisions when Gaul was part of the Roman Empire. These provinces included renowned regions such as Gallia Belgica, Aquitania, and Gallia Narbonensis. Each of these Roman provinces played a critical role in shaping the administrative and cultural development of early French territories. The map traces the rivers, cities, and ancient boundaries, providing a vivid depiction of Roman rule and its geographical extent.
By the late 18th century, France's political landscape had changed significantly. The 32 gouvernements, highlighted here, reflect the administrative divisions that existed before the reforms brought by the Revolution. Notable regions such as Île-de-France, Bretagne, Normandie, and Provence are outlined with distinct boundaries, showcasing the hierarchical governance structure used by the monarchy. These regions were governed by royal officials, military governors, and intendant authorities, who managed local affairs under royal oversight.
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