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Original Artwork for Lionel Morris's Antique Cars

Finely executed watercolor illustration of an 1899 Renault 3 1/2 HP, which was used for Lionel Harris's Antique Cars: The Story of the Automobile in Pictures, first published in about 1968.

The Renault 3 1/2 HP, produced in 1899, was one the early models crafted by the Renault brothers—Louis, Marcel, and Fernand—this vehicle represents the innovative spirit and technological advancements of the late 19th century.  

The Renault 3 1/2 HP is characterized by its simple yet functional design. The vehicle features an open-top carriage with a single bench seat upholstered in leather, reflecting the transitional phase from horse-drawn carriages to motorized vehicles. The prominent brass headlamps and exposed engine components highlight the rudimentary yet robust engineering typical of early automobiles.

Powered by a single-cylinder engine producing 3.5 horsepower, the Renault 3 1/2 HP utilized a De Dion-Bouton engine, a popular choice among early car manufacturers. The engine was mounted at the front, a departure from many contemporaries that had rear-mounted engines. This layout allowed for better weight distribution and improved handling. The car's transmission system employed a direct-drive mechanism, further showcasing the innovative engineering practices of the era. 

The late 19th century was a period of rapid technological progress and industrial growth. The automotive industry was in its infancy, with numerous inventors and entrepreneurs experimenting with various designs and propulsion systems. The Renault brothers were among the pioneers who recognized the potential of the automobile as a practical means of transportation.

In 1899, when the Renault 3 1/2 HP was introduced, the world was witnessing significant changes. The expansion of urban centers and the development of new infrastructure necessitated more efficient forms of transportation. The Renault brothers' venture into automobile manufacturing coincided with this demand, positioning their vehicles as innovative solutions for personal and commercial mobility. 

The Renault 3 1/2 HP played a crucial role in establishing Renault's reputation as a manufacturer of reliable and advanced vehicles. The car's participation in early motor races and endurance trials demonstrated its durability and performance, further enhancing the brand's prestige. Notably, Marcel Renault's victory in the 1901 Paris-Bordeaux race in a similar model underscored the competitiveness and engineering prowess of Renault automobiles.