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This map illustrates the journey of the Russian clipper Wssadnik under the command of Lieutenant Onatzewitsch, focusing on the northwestern region of the Bering Strait. Published by Justus Perthes in Gotha, the map is a comprehensive chart detailing previous Arctic explorations and significant geographical features in this remote area. The medium scale of 1:3,400,000 provides a detailed view of the region's topography and hydrography.
The expedition of the Wssadnik in August 1876 was part of a series of Russian explorations aimed at advancing scientific knowledge and understanding of the Arctic region. These voyages were crucial for mapping uncharted territories, studying ocean currents, and collecting hydrographic and meteorological data. The Bering Strait, a narrow passage between Russia and Alaska, was of particular interest due to its strategic importance and the unique environmental conditions of the Arctic.
The map delineates the course of the Wssadnik in August 1876, along with historical routes taken by explorers such as Wrangel in 1823 (by sled), Cook in 1778, Rodgers in 1855, and Long in 1867. It features annotations indicating various geographical entities, including Cape Wrangel, the Chukchi settlements, and significant bays like Guba. The depths are measured in fathoms, while elevations are in English feet, providing a clear understanding of the underwater and surface topography.
August Heinrich Petermann (1822-1878) is a renowned German cartographer of the nineteenth century. Petermann studied cartography at the Geographical Art-School in Potsdam before traveling to Edinburgh to work with Dr. A. Keith Johnston on an English edition of Berghaus’ Physical Atlas. Two years later he moved to London, where he made maps and advised exploratory expeditions as they set off to explore the interior of Africa and the Arctic.
In 1854, Petermann returned to Germany to be Director of the Geographical Institute of Justus Perthes in Gotha. There, he was the editor of the Geographische Mittheilungen and Stieler’s Handatlas. The Royal Geographical Society of London awarded him their Gold Medal in 1860. He continued his interest in exploration in Germany, fundraising for the German Exploring Expeditions of 1868 and 1869-70, which sought an open Arctic sea. Tragically, he committed suicide in 1878.
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