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This large and elaborate map was created by Augustus Petermann and published by Justus Perthes in 1880. It covers the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding regions, including Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Near East. The map is drawn to a scale of 1:3,500,000 and spans eight joined sheets.
The map shows geographic features such as mountains, coastlines, islands, and water bodies, with contour lines and shading to represent elevations and depths. Major rivers, lakes, and seas are clearly marked.
Color-coded boundaries indicate the territories of various nations, including Spain, Portugal, France (with Algeria), Italy (with San Marino), the British territory of Gibraltar, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Greece, the Ottoman Empire, and regions under Turkish control. Cities, towns, and settlements are annotated, distinguishing between major urban centers, smaller towns, and forts.
Transport and communication networks are featured prominently. Railways, both operational and under construction, and telegraph lines are shown. Maritime routes are marked with distances in nautical miles, highlighting key sea lanes.
The legend explains the symbols for population centers, geographical features, and structures like lighthouses and consulates. Annotations provide insights into navigational routes, submarine cables, and significant landmarks.
This map reflects the geopolitical and geographical knowledge of the Mediterranean region in the late 19th century, illustrating the high standards of cartography by A. Petermann and Justus Perthes.
August Heinrich Petermann (1822-1878) is a renowned German cartographer of the nineteenth century. Petermann studied cartography at the Geographical Art-School in Potsdam before traveling to Edinburgh to work with Dr. A. Keith Johnston on an English edition of Berghaus’ Physical Atlas. Two years later he moved to London, where he made maps and advised exploratory expeditions as they set off to explore the interior of Africa and the Arctic.
In 1854, Petermann returned to Germany to be Director of the Geographical Institute of Justus Perthes in Gotha. There, he was the editor of the Geographische Mittheilungen and Stieler’s Handatlas. The Royal Geographical Society of London awarded him their Gold Medal in 1860. He continued his interest in exploration in Germany, fundraising for the German Exploring Expeditions of 1868 and 1869-70, which sought an open Arctic sea. Tragically, he committed suicide in 1878.
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