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Detailed map of Philippines, with a large inset showing the area between northern Luzon and China (including Hong Kong).
The Sub Cable from Hong Kong to Manila is shown. The Eastern Extension laid its first International submarine cable between the Philippines and Hong Kong in 1880. The cable was laid by the cable ship Calabaria. It took over four months to do and was completed on May 2, 1880. The cable stretched 535 nautical miles from Hong Kong to Bolinao, Pangasinan. From Bolinao, it was extended via a 160-mile landline to Manila.
George F. Cram (1842-1928), or George Franklin Cram, was an American mapmaker and businessman. During the Civil War, Cram served under General William Tecumseh Sherman and participated in his March to the Sea. His letters of that time are now important sources for historians of the Civil War. In 1867, Cram and his uncle, Rufus Blanchard, began the company known by their names in Evanston, Illinois.
Two years later, Cram became sole proprietor and the company was henceforth known as George F. Cram Co. Specializing in atlases, Cram was one of the first American companies to publish a world atlas. One of their most famous products was the Unrivaled Atlas of the World, in print from the 1880s to the 1950s.
Cram died in 1928, seven years after he had merged the business with that of a customer, E.A. Peterson. The new company still bore Cram’s name. Four years later, the Cram Company began to make globes, a branch of the business that would continue until 2012, when the company ceased to operate. For the final several decades of the company’s existence it was controlled by the Douthit family, who sold it just before the company was shuttered.
![[Southern Philippine Islands] Carte Des Isles Philippines Dressee sur la Carte Espagnole du R.P. Murillo de Velarde 2e. Feuille](https://storage.googleapis.com/raremaps/img/small/79947.jpg)
